Abstract Neonatal thoracoscopic correction of type III esophageal atresia requires the establishment of an artificial carbon dioxide pneumothorax in the affected thoracic cavity. At present, there is no suitable double-lumen endotracheal tube or bronchial occluder to be used in neonatal thoracoscopic surgery. Objectives: To research the influence of sevoflurane pretreatment on neonatal inflammatory response and pulmonary ventilation. Sixty neonates were randomized into 2 groups, group C, group S. Neonates in group S received sevoflurane inhalation at a concentration of 2% after endotracheal intubation until the establishment of pneumothorax, followed by a 10-min washout period, while those in group C only inhaled pure oxygen. Venous blood samples were collected from the subjects in the 2 groups from at 10 min before induction of anesthesia to 24 h after pneumothorax relief to determine the concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α. Arterial blood gases were drawn from the radial artery at the above time points. The alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference, and respiratory index were calculated. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α in serum were all lower in group S. Alveolar-arterial oxygen and respiratory index were also lower in group S. Duration of surgical intensive care unit stay, time of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay were all lower in group S. A concentration of 2% sevoflurane pretreatment may have a protective influence on the neonatal inflammatory response and pulmonary ventilation, which correct type III esophageal atresia by suppressing the inflammatory response under the thoracoscope.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although exercise development has shown great theoretical progress, there are still many problems regarding the current sports teaching process in physical fitness training dedicated to basketball. One of the current needs is the evaluation of the current training methods of its players and the functional introduction method in this scenario. Objective: Explore the physical characteristics and functional training methods in different positions of basketball players. Methods: A literature search was conducted to survey the current scientific practices and the athletes of the second national men's and women's basketball team who participated in a winter training from January 10 to March 10, 2019 were taken as the objects of study, also considering the different positions of the active athletes of the CBA, WCBA, NBA and WNBA. Results: The results showed that the average blood lactate level of the second national women's basketball team was 11.19mmol/L, slightly lower than the national women's team (11.8±1.2mmol/L), indicating that the athletes’ anaerobic capacity reached a high level. Conclusion: Basketball players in different positions have different demands regarding physical characteristics and training methods. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque el desarrollo de los ejercicios ha presentado un gran progreso teórico, todavía existen muchos problemas en relación con el proceso actual de educación deportiva en el entrenamiento de la condición física dedicado al baloncesto. Una de las necesidades actuales es la evaluación de los métodos actuales de entrenamiento de sus jugadores y el método de introducción funcional en este escenario. Objetivo: Explorar las características físicas y los métodos de entrenamiento funcional en diferentes posiciones de los jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para sondear las prácticas científicas actuales y se tomaron como objeto de estudio los deportistas de la segunda selección nacional de baloncesto masculina y femenina que participaron en un entrenamiento de invierno del 10 de enero al 10 de marzo de 2019, considerando también las diferentes posiciones de los deportistas en activo de la CBA, WCBA, NBA y WNBA. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el nivel medio de ácido láctico en sangre de las atletas del segundo equipo nacional de baloncesto femenino era de 11,19mmol/L, ligeramente inferior al de las atletas del equipo nacional femenino (11,8±1,2mmol/L), lo que indica que la capacidad anaeróbica de las atletas alcanzó un nivel elevado. Conclusión: Los jugadores de baloncesto en diferentes posiciones tienen diferentes exigencias en cuanto a características físicas y métodos de entrenamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora o desenvolvimento de exercícios tenha apresentado grandes progressos teóricos, ainda há muitos problemas quanto ao atual processo de ensino esportivo no treinamento de aptidão física dedicado ao basquetebol. Uma das necessidades atuais é a avaliação dos métodos de treinamento atual de seus jogadores e o método de introdução funcional neste cenário. Objetivo: Explorar as características físicas e os métodos de treinamento funcional em diferentes posições dos jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: Efetuou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica para levantamento das práticas científicas atuais e tomou-se como objetos de estudo os atletas da segunda equipe nacional masculina e feminina de basquetebol que participaram de um treinamento de inverno de 10 de janeiro a 10 de março de 2019, considerando também as diferentes posições dos atletas ativos da CBA, WCBA, NBA e WNBA. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o nível médio de ácido láctico no sangue das atletas da segunda equipe nacional feminina de basquetebol foi de 11,19mmol/L, o que foi ligeiramente inferior ao das atletas da seleção nacional feminina (11,8±1,2mmol/L), indicando que a capacidade anaeróbica das atletas atingiu um nível elevado. Conclusão: Jogadores de basquetebol em diferentes posições têm diferentes exigências quanto às características físicas e métodos de treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Studies on herbal medicine have exposed some toxic effects on humans. Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (P. pellucida) is one of the herbal medicines recommended as an alternative to synthetic medicine for diseases. Studies exist on the pharmacological activities of P. pellucida extracts, but studies on the potential hepatotoxic and mutagenic effects of subchronic administration of P. pellucida aqueous extracts, which is very important knowledge when we venture into alternative medicine, are lacking. In this study, two concentrations (60 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) of P. pellucida aqueous extracts — decoction and freeze-dried extracts —were administered in vivo to BALB/c mice for nine (9) weeks. Significant differences were observed between the 60 mg/kg freeze-dried extract and the control in terms of mice weight and micronucleus frequency at 7-8 weeks of treatment. Also, no significant differences were found between groups in serum transaminases levels. Generally, there is no sufficient evidence to show that subchronic exposure to P. pellucida aqueous extracts is hepatotoxic though 60 mg/kg concentration may be mutagenic. This study suggests that although the herbal medicine is safe for prolonged consumption, users are advised to take precautions and moderations of its use due to the possibility of potential mutagenic effects.

Abstract The anthocyanin profiles and CIELAB color values of nine wines in Vitis germplasms from southern China were compared. The results showed that the anthocyanin composition of wines from one hybrid between V. vinifera and V. labrusca (‘Moldova’), two V. labrusca varieties (‘Conquistador’ and ‘Saint-Croix’), one V. quinquangularis variety (‘Yeniang No.2’), one hybrid between V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera (‘NW196’), one V. davidii variety (‘Xiangniang No.1’) and one V. rotundifolia variety (‘Noble’) were dominated by anthocyanidin 3,5-O-diglucosides. All these were quite different from V. vinifera wines (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Marselan’), which were characterized by the monoglucoside and pyranoanthocyanins. 3',4',5'-substituted anthocyanins were dominant in the wines of all varieties, except ‘Noble’ wine. ‘Yeniang No.2’ (V. quinquangularis) had the highest acid, total anthocyanin concentration, and showed a more intense pigmentation with a higher proportion and concentration of coumaroylated anthocyanins. In the colorimetric analysis, ‘Yeniang No.2’ (V. quinquangularis) wine showed the most saturated red colors, followed by ‘NW196’ (V. quinquangularis). The detected chromatic characteristics of these wines were basically in accordance with their sensory evaluation.

Marasmius androsaceus is a medicinal fungus mainly used to treat various forms of pain in China. This study investigated the analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of M. androsaceus (MAE) and its potential molecular mechanisms. Oral administration of MAE (50, 200, and 1000 mg/kg) had significant analgesic effects in an acid-induced writhing test, a formalin test, and a hot-plate test, with effectiveness similar to tramadol (the positive control drug). The autonomic activity test showed that MAE had no harmful effects on the central nervous system in mice. MAE resulted in significantly enhanced levels of noradrenalin and 5-hydroxytryptamine in serum but suppressed both of these neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus after 30 s of hot-plate stimulation. Co-administration with nimodipine (10 mg/kg; a Ca2+ channel blocker) strongly enhanced the analgesic effect in the hot-plate test compared to MAE alone. Moreover, MAE down-regulated the expression of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the hypothalamus after a 30-s thermal stimulus. These results suggested that the analgesic ability of MAE is related to the regulation of metabolism by monoamine neurotransmitters and Ca2+/CaMKII-mediated signaling, which can potentially aid the development of peripheral neuropathic pain treatments obtained from M. androsaceus.

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing the same neuromodulation protocol may present different responses. Computational models may help in understanding such differences. The aims of this study were, firstly, to compare the performance of aphasic patients in naming tasks before and after one session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and sham, and analyze the results between these neuromodulation techniques; and secondly, through computational model on the cortex and surrounding tissues, to assess current flow distribution and responses among patients who received tDCS and presented different levels of results from naming tasks. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative, double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study conducted at Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. METHODS: Patients with aphasia received one session of tDCS, TMS or sham stimulation. The time taken to name pictures and the response time were evaluated before and after neuromodulation. Selected patients from the first intervention underwent a computational model stimulation procedure that simulated tDCS. RESULTS: The results did not indicate any statistically significant differences from before to after the stimulation.The computational models showed different current flow distributions. CONCLUSIONS: The present study did not show any statistically significant difference between tDCS, TMS and sham stimulation regarding naming tasks. The patients’responses to the computational model showed different patterns of current distribution.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging findings using multiple b values with the presence and Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B. METHODS: Seventy-four cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 25 healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted imaging using b values of 0, 500, 800 and 1000 sec/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficients of individual liver lobes for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) were derived from the signal intensity averaged across images obtained using b values of 0 and 500 sec/mm2, 0 and 800 sec/mm2, or 0 and 1000 sec/mm2, respectively, and were statistically analyzed to evaluate cirrhosis. RESULTS: The apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) inversely correlated with the Child-Pugh class in the left lateral liver lobe, the left medial liver lobe, the right liver lobe and the caudate lobe (r=-0.35 to -0.60, all p<0.05), except for the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,1000) in the left medial liver lobe (r=-0.17, p>0.05). Among these parameters, the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,500) in the left lateral liver lobe best differentiated normal from cirrhotic liver, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.989. The apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,800) in the right liver lobe best distinguished Child-Pugh class A from B-C and A-B from C, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.732 and 0.747, respectively. CONCLUSION: Liver lobe-based apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500) and b(0,800) appear to be associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis.